English translations are given under each Vulgate verse (Douay-Rheims) and each Septuagint verse (Brenton), to make the Latin and Greek easier to read.

Genesis 11 in four versions — Vulgate, Hebrew (MT), Septuagint, and Yemenite Targum Onkelos — with notes on where they agree and where they part. Sources: Vulgate = the Clementine text; MT = Sefaria Miqra (vocalized, with cantillation); LXX = the Septuagint Greek text, given here under MT numbering; Targum = Onkelos, Yemenite Taj tradition only. TO in the notes = this Yemenite Onkelos. Divine names appear only as ייי and א-להים throughout.

Versification: MT, LXX, Targum, and Vulgate each have 32 verses in Genesis 11, verse for verse; but Vulgate sentences run across MT verse boundaries — 11:3 into 11:4 (pro caemento: / et dixerunt: Venite, faciamus nobis civitatem...), and 11:5 into 11:6 (filii Adam, / et dixit: Ecce, unus est populus...) — the Vulgate line under each verse below is the sentence (or sentence part) belonging to that MT verse. MT paragraph breaks: {פ} at 11:9, {ס} at 11:11, 11:13, 11:15, 11:17, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, 11:25, {פ} at 11:32. Field numbering: Field's Cap. XI is Hebrew numbering throughout (no offset) — citations below give the Hebrew verse. Field's Genesis 11 material: main entries on p. 28 (11:2, 11:3, 11:6, 11:7, 11:9); addenda on p. 29 (11:11, 11:13, 11:15, 11:17, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, 11:25).

Targum punctuation — transferred 2026-10-31 from Mechon Mamre vocalized Targum chapter 11 (u0111), punctuation only, wording/vocalization untouched; 32/32 lines transferred, no hard gate failure. Seven lines carry a Yemenite-kept wording difference against Mamre, punctuation transferred by aligned position: 11:3 (Mamre kindle, Yemenite burn), 11:6 (Mamre lacking the vowel-letter in "for them all"), 11:7 (Mamre extra vowel-letter in "confound"), 11:9 (Mamre plene "therefore"), 11:24 and 11:25 (Mamre samekh spelling of "twenty"/"nineteen"), 11:28 (Mamre samekh spelling of "Chaldeans"). Mamre's {ס}/{פ} markers and "--" word-separator artifacts were not carried into TO lines. Cross-checked against the Mechon Mamre Noach parsha page for 11:1 (same punctuation). MT divine tokens: first name 5 times (11:5, 11:6, 11:8, 11:9 twice); no second-name token in the chapter. TO uses the first name 5 times at the same verses; no second-name token in the chapter, so there is no switch to record.

Gen 11:1

Vulg. Erat autem terra labii unius, et sermonum eorumdem.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And the earth was of one tongue, and of the same speech.

MT

וַיְהִ֥י כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים׃

LXX καὶ ἦν πᾶσα ἡ γῆ χεῖλος ἕν, καὶ φωνὴ μία πᾶσιν.

Eng. (Brenton) And all the earth was one lip, and there was one language to all.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַהֲוָה כָל אַרְעָא, לִישָׁן חַד, וּמַמְלַל, חַד׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:1.
• One lip, and words, voice, or speech — MT 'the whole earth was one lip (שָׂפָה) and one words (וּדְבָרִים אֲחָדִים).' LXX 'one lip, and one voice for all' (χεῖλος ἕν, καὶ φωνὴ μία πᾶσιν) — voice where MT has words; Vulgate 'of one lip, and of the same speech' (labii unius, et sermonum eorumdem); TO 'one tongue, and one speech' (לִישָׁן חַד, וּמַמְלַל חַד).
• One lip for one language — the Greek and the Latin keep the Hebrew image where the Targum does not. MT's word is שָׂפָה, lip: the whole earth was 'one lip' (11:1, 11:6), 'their lip' is confounded (11:7), 'the lip of all the earth' is scattered (11:9). LXX renders it literally, χεῖλος ἕν (and χείλη at 11:9), and the Vulgate likewise, labii unius, labium universae terrae; Onkelos alone gives 'tongue' (לִישָׁן חַד). Elsewhere the same word is the lip of the mouth, the edge of a garment's opening (Ex 28:32), the bank of a river (Gen 41:3), the shore of the sea (Gen 22:17); its language sense outside this chapter is rare — the language of Canaan (Isa 19:18), a pure lip (Zeph 3:9), a language not known (Ps 81:6), a mocking lip (Isa 28:11), a people deep of lip (Isa 33:19; Ezek 3:5–6). And where those later passages use the word for language, the Greek usually gives γλῶσσα, tongue (Isa 19:18; Zeph 3:9; Ps 81:6) — so the plain 'lip' for language belongs to the Babel telling itself, and even there only to its frame: at the confounding itself, 11:7, LXX switches to γλῶσσαν. Philo, who quotes the verse with χεῖλος ἕν, reads the one lip as concord — 'a symphony of great and unspeakable evils, which cities have inflicted upon cities, nations upon nations' — so that the confusion breaks a unanimity in wickedness, not merely a shared tongue.

Gen 11:2

Vulg. Cumque proficiscerentur de oriente, invenerunt campum in terra Sennaar, et habitaverunt in eo.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And when they removed from the east, they found a plain in the land of Sennaar, and dwelt in it.

MT

וַיְהִ֖י בְּנׇסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַֽיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃

LXX καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ κινῆσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν εὗρον πεδίον ἐν γῇ Σεννααρ καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐκεῖ.

Eng. (Brenton) And it came to pass as they moved from the east, they found a plain in the land of Senaar, and they dwelt there.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַהֲוָה, בְּמִטַּלְהוֹן בְּקַדְמֵיתָא; וְאַשְׁכַּחוּ בִּקְעֲתָא בְּאַרְעָא דְּבָבֶל, וִיתִיבוּ תַּמָּן׃

• Field p. 28: בְּנָסְעָם — Latin 'Cum migrarent' (when they migrated); LXX 'when they moved' (ἐν τῷ κινῆσαι αὐτούς), Aquila 'to lift' (ἆραι), Symmachus 'to depart' (ἀπᾶραι).
• From the east, or at first — MT 'when they journeyed from the east' (מִקֶּדֶם); LXX 'from the east' (ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν) and Vulgate 'from the east' (de oriente) agree. TO reads the word in its other sense, 'at first, formerly' (בְּקַדְמֵיתָא) — the journeying is dated, not placed. TO also explicates Shinar as Babylon (בְּאַרְעָא דְּבָבֶל), as at 10:10.
• The same word as Eden — מִקֶּדֶם is the word of the garden's planting and of the guard set after the expulsion: 'a garden in Eden, miqqedem' (2:8, where Adam is then placed), and, after Adam is driven out, the cherubim are 'stationed miqqedem to the garden of Eden' (3:24). On the reading 'from the east,' the builders of 11:2 set out from that same quarter — the east their story has been leaving since Eden, Cain settling 'east of Eden' (4:16, in the same eastern idiom) on the way. The versions divide on the word's two senses: at 11:2 the Greek and the Latin read place ('from the east,' ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν, de oriente) while Onkelos reads time ('at first,' בְּקַדְמֵיתָא); at 2:8 the Latin already reads time ('from the beginning,' a principio) where the Greek reads place (κατὰ ἀνατολάς), and at 3:24 both drop the east, the Greek settling Adam 'opposite Paradise' and the Latin setting the cherubim 'before Paradise' — Onkelos alone keeps a form of the word in all three places (מִלְּקַדְמִין).

Gen 11:3

Vulg. Dixitque alter ad proximum suum: Venite, faciamus lateres, et coquamus eos igni. Habueruntque lateres pro saxis, et bitumen pro caemento:

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And each one said to his neighbour: Come, let us make brick, and bake them with fire. And they had brick instead of stones, and slime instead of mortar.

MT

וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃

LXX καὶ εἶπεν ἄνθρωπος τῷ πλησίον δεῦτε πλινθεύσωμεν πλίνθους καὶ ὀπτήσωμεν αὐτὰς πυρί. καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτοῖς ἡ πλίνθος εἰς λίθον, καὶ ἄσφαλτος ἦν αὐτοῖς ὁ πηλός.

Eng. (Brenton) And a man said to his neighbour, Come, let us make bricks and bake them with fire. And the brick was to them for stone, and their mortar was bitumen.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַאֲמַרוּ גְּבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ, הַבוּ נִרְמֵי לִבְנִין, וְנִשְׂרוֹפִנּוּן, בְּנוּרָא; וַהֲוָת לְהוֹן לְבֵינְתָא, לְאַבְנָא, וְחֵימָרָא, הֲוָה לְהוֹן לִשְׁיָע׃

• Field p. 28: הַחֵמָר — Latin 'Bitumen'; LXX 'asphalt' (ἄσφαλτος); 'the Hebrew and the Syrian' read 'unslaked lime' (ἄσβεστος).
• Brick for stone, bitumen for mortar — MT 'let us brick bricks, and burn to a burning; and the brick became their stone, and the bitumen (הַחֵמָר) was their mortar (לַחֹמֶר).' LXX 'let us make bricks and bake them with fire... asphalt was their clay' (ὁ πηλός); Vulgate 'let us make bricks, and bake them with fire... bitumen for mortar' (pro caemento); TO 'let us cast bricks, and burn them in fire... bitumen was their plaster' (לִשְׁיָע). The Vulgate sentence continues into 11:4.
• The play starts here — the whole Babel telling is built on sounding words, and it begins in this verse: 'let us brick bricks' (נִלְבְּנָה לְבֵנִים), 'burn to a burning' (נִשְׂרְפָה לִשְׂרֵפָה), 'brick for stone' (הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָבֶן), 'bitumen for mortar' (הַחֵמָר... לַחֹמֶר, the two near-homonyms set against each other). The builders' 'come' (הָבָה) sounds again at 11:4 — 'come, let us build... and make us a name' (וְנַעֲשֶׂה־לָּנוּ שֵׁם) — and is answered by the divine 'come' at 11:7, 'come, let us go down and confound' (הָבָה נֵרְדָה וְנָבְלָה), where the root of the climax first sounds: נָבְלָה, from בלל. At 11:9 it lands as the name itself: 'its name was called Babel, for there he confounded' (בָּבֶל... בָּלַל). The Greek keeps the opening play — 'let us brick bricks' (πλινθεύσωμεν πλίνθους) — but loses the closing one, turning the name into its meaning, 'Confusion' (Σύγχυσις); the Latin flattens the opening (faciamus lateres) but keeps name and verb at the close (Babel... confusum est); the Targum keeps the root sounding throughout, at 11:7 (וּנְבַלְבֵּל) and at the close (בָּבֶל... בַּלְבֵּיל).

Gen 11:4

Vulg. et dixerunt: Venite, faciamus nobis civitatem et turrim, cujus culmen pertingat ad caelum: et celebremus nomen nostrum antequam dividamur in universas terras.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And they said: Come, let us make a city and a tower, the top whereof may reach to heaven: and let us make our name famous before we be scattered abroad into all lands.

MT

וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

LXX καὶ εἶπαν δεῦτε οἰκοδομήσωμεν ἑαυτοῖς πόλιν καὶ πύργον, οὗ ἡ κεφαλὴ ἔσται ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ποιήσωμεν ἑαυτοῖς ὄνομα πρὸ τοῦ διασπαρῆναι ἐπὶ προσώπου πάσης τῆς γῆς.

Eng. (Brenton) And they said, Come, let us build to ourselves a city and tower, whose top shall be to heaven, and let us make to ourselves a name, before we are scattered abroad upon the face of all the earth.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַאֲמַרוּ הַבוּ נִבְנֵי לַנָא קַרְתָּא, וּמִגְדְּלָא וְרֵישֵׁיהּ מָטֵי עַד צֵית שְׁמַיָּא, וְנַעֲבֵיד לַנָא, שׁוֹם: דִּלְמָא נִתְבַּדַּר, עַל אַפֵּי כָּל אַרְעָא׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:4.
• A name, lest we be scattered — MT 'let us build us a city and a tower, whose head is in heaven, and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered (פֶּן־נָפוּץ) over the face of all the earth.' LXX 'whose head will be unto heaven... before we are scattered' (πρὸ τοῦ διασπαρῆναι); Vulgate 'whose top may reach heaven... before we are divided' (antequam dividamur); TO 'whose head reaches to the edge of heaven... lest we be scattered' (דִּלְמָא נִתְבַּדַּר). The Vulgate sentence began at 11:3.
• Lest we be scattered, against the command to fill — 'let us make us a name, lest we be scattered (פֶּן־נָפוּץ) over the face of all the earth' sets the builders against the charge given at creation and renewed after the flood: 'be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth' (1:28; 9:1; 'swarm over the earth and multiply in it,' 9:7). The genealogy between the command and the refusal performs it: 'from these the whole earth was overspread' (9:19, the same root פוץ), 'from these the nations spread over the earth after the flood' (10:32) — and the refusal is answered in its own word, 'the first name scattered them (וַיָּפֶץ) from there over the face of all the earth' (11:8). Rashbam states the sin in exactly these terms: commanded to fill the earth, they chose one place, saying 'lest we be scattered' — therefore He scattered them; Saadiah reads it the same way. The midrashim frame the same refusal as war on Heaven: one speech turned against the Unique One — 'He has no right to choose the celestial spheres for Himself and assign us the terrestrial world!' — with an idol set sword in hand atop the tower (Genesis Rabbah 38:6–7); three parties, to dwell above, to serve idols, to wage war (Sanhedrin 109a); 'let us ascend to the sky, and strike God with hatchets' (Tanchuma, Noach 18); Nimrod instigating an invasion of the heavens (Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 24).

Gen 11:5

Vulg. Descendit autem Dominus ut videret civitatem et turrim, quam aedificabant filii Adam,

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of Adam were building.

MT

וַיֵּ֣רֶד ייי֔ לִרְאֹ֥ת אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃

LXX καὶ κατέβη κύριος ἰδεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον ὃν ᾠκοδόμησαν οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

Eng. (Brenton) And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men built.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וְאִתְגְּלִי ייי, לְאִתְפְּרָעָא עַל עוֹבָד קַרְתָּא וּמִגְדְּלָא, דִּבְנוֹ, בְּנֵי אֲנָשָׁא׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:5.
• Revealed, not descended — MT 'the first name came down (וַיֵּרֶד) to see the city and the tower which the sons of man built.' LXX 'the Lord came down' (κατέβη κύριος) and Vulgate 'the Lord came down' (Descendit... Dominus) keep the descent. TO will not let the first name descend: 'the first name was revealed (וְאִתְגְּלִי), to requite the work of the city and the tower' — revelation in place of descent, and requital added where MT has only seeing. This is his standing method, not a one-verse softening: wherever the verse would give the first name a body — a descent, a going down — Onkelos gives revelation instead. The same substitution sounds two verses on, 'let us be revealed' (נִתְגְּלֵי) for 'let us go down' (11:7), and at Sodom, 'I will now be revealed' (אֶתְגְּלֵי כְעַן) for 'let me go down and see' (18:21). The Vulgate sentence continues into 11:6.

Gen 11:6

Vulg. et dixit: Ecce, unus est populus, et unum labium omnibus: cœperuntque hoc facere, nec desistent a cogitationibus suis, donec eas opere compleant.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And he said: Behold, it is one people, and all have one tongue: and they have begun to do this, neither will they leave off from their designs, till they accomplish them in deed.

MT

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ייי֗ הֵ֣ן עַ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְשָׂפָ֤ה אַחַת֙ לְכֻלָּ֔ם וְזֶ֖ה הַחִלָּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְעַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־יִבָּצֵ֣ר מֵהֶ֔ם כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָזְמ֖וּ לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת׃

LXX καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἰδοὺ γένος ἓν καὶ χεῖλος ἓν πάντων· καὶ τοῦτο ἤρξαντο ποιῆσαι, καὶ νῦν οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἐξ αὐτῶν πάντα ὅσα ἂν ἐπιθῶνται ποιεῖν

Eng. (Brenton) And the Lord said, Behold, there is one race, and one lip of all, and they have begun to do this, and now nothing shall fail from them of all that they may have undertaken to do.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַאֲמַר ייי, הָא עַמָּא חַד וְלִישָׁן חַד לְכוּלְּהוֹן, וְדֵין, דְּשָׁרִיאוּ לְמֶעֱבַד; וּכְעַן לָא יִתְמְנַע מִנְּהוֹן, כֹּל דְּחַשִּׁיבוּ לְמֶעֱבַד׃

• Field p. 28: כֹּל אֲשֶׁר יָזְמוּ — Latin 'Quicquid consilium ceperint' (whatever counsel they take); LXX 'all that they desire' (πάντα ὅσα ἂν ἐπιθῶνται), Aquila 'whatever they think of' (ὃ ἐννοηθήσονται), Symmachus 'whatever they reckon' (ὃ ἐὰν λογίσωνται).
• Nothing withheld — MT 'this is the beginning of their doing, and now nothing will be withheld (לֹא־יִבָּצֵר) from them of all that they devise (יָזְמוּ) to do.' LXX 'now nothing will fail them of all that they desire to do' (οὐκ ἐκλείψει); TO 'now nothing will be withheld from them of all that they think to do' (לָא יִתְמְנַע); Vulgate turns the clause into persistence: 'they will not desist from their thoughts until they complete them in deed' (nec desistent... donec eas opere compleant). The Vulgate drops the speaker's name here — 'and he said' (et dixit) where MT, LXX, and TO name the first name. The Vulgate sentence began at 11:5.

Gen 11:7

Vulg. Venite igitur, descendamus, et confundamus ibi linguam eorum, ut non audiat unusquisque vocem proximi sui.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) Come ye, therefore, let us go down, and there confound their tongue, that they may not understand one another’s speech.

MT

הָ֚בָה נֵֽרְדָ֔ה וְנָבְלָ֥ה שָׁ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפַ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃

LXX δεῦτε καὶ καταβάντες συγχέωμεν ἐκεῖ αὐτῶν τὴν γλῶσσαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀκούσωσιν ἕκαστος τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ πλησίον.

Eng. (Brenton) Come, and having gone down let us there confound their tongue, that they may not understand each the voice of his neighbour.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

הַבוּ, נִתְגְּלֵי, וּנְבַלְבֵּל תַּמָּן, לִישָׁנְהוֹן דְּלָא יִשְׁמְעוּן, אֲנָשׁ לִישָׁן חַבְרֵיהּ׃

• Field p. 28: נָבְלָה — Latin 'Confundamus' (let us confound); LXX 'let us confound' (συγχέωμεν), Aquila 'let us mix up' (ἀναμίξωμεν).
• Let us be revealed — MT 'come, let us go down (נֵרְדָה) and confuse (נָבְלָה) their speech there, so that no man hears his neighbor's speech.' LXX 'come, and going down let us confound their tongue' (καταβάντες συγχέωμεν) and Vulgate 'let us go down, and confound their language' (descendamus, et confundamus) keep the descent. TO again avoids it: 'come, let us be revealed (נִתְגְּלֵי), and confound their speech there.' The plural 'let us' stands in all four versions, with no divine name in the verse.
• Come, as they said 'come' — measure for measure in the very word. The builders said הָבָה twice, 'come, let us brick bricks' (11:3) and 'come, let us build' (11:4); the answer comes back in the same word, 'come, let us go down' (הָבָה נֵרְדָה). Rashi states it as מדה כנגד מדה, citing Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 18: 'they said, Come, let us build, and He measured against them, saying, Come, let us go down.' The same measure runs through the chapter's other pairs: what they feared, 'lest we be scattered' (פֶּן־נָפוּץ, 11:4), was fulfilled upon them, 'the first name scattered them' (וַיָּפֶץ, 11:8) — 'what the wicked fears will come upon him' (Prov 10:24). And Tanchuma states the general rule at Beshalach 12: with the very thing by which the tower men exalted themselves He punished them — they said 'come, let us build,' and through it they were punished, 'come, let us go down... so the Lord scattered them.'
• Philo reads the same measure — the 'one language' is a concord in evil, 'a symphony of great and unspeakable evils, which cities have inflicted upon cities, nations upon nations'; the motion of vice is united, while virtue's dawning is 'a complete separation.' So the scattering answers the sin in kind: God scatters impiety itself, 'that the disposition which hates virtue may at last desist from building up a city of wickedness, and a tower of impiety.' Philo even marks the two kinds of scattering — one 'with a view to the production, and growth, and increase of other things,' the other 'for overthrow and destruction' — and Babel's is the second.

Gen 11:8

Vulg. Atque ita divisit eos Dominus ex illo loco in universas terras, et cessaverunt aedificare civitatem.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And so the Lord scattered them from that place into all lands, and they ceased to build the city.

MT

וַיָּ֨פֶץ ייי֥ אֹתָ֛ם מִשָּׁ֖ם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כׇל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּחְדְּל֖וּ לִבְנֹ֥ת הָעִֽיר׃

LXX καὶ διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ἐκεῖθεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐπαύσαντο οἰκοδομοῦντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον.

Eng. (Brenton) And the Lord scattered them thence over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city and the tower.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וּבַדַּר ייי יָתְהוֹן מִתַּמָּן, עַל אַפֵּי כָל אַרְעָא; וְאִתְמְנַעוּ, מִלְּמִבְנֵי קַרְתָּא׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:8.
• Scattered, and the building stops — MT 'the first name scattered (וַיָּפֶץ) them from there over the face of all the earth, and they ceased building the city.' LXX 'the Lord scattered them... and they ceased building the city and the tower' (τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον) — the tower added where MT, Vulgate, and TO name the city alone; Vulgate 'the Lord divided them... and they ceased building the city' (divisit... civitatem); TO 'the first name scattered them... and they were kept from building the city' (וְאִתְמְנַעוּ).

Gen 11:9

Vulg. Et idcirco vocatum est nomen ejus Babel, quia ibi confusum est labium universae terrae: et inde dispersit eos Dominus super faciem cunctarum regionum.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And therefore the name thereof was called Babel, because there the language of the whole earth was confounded: and from thence the Lord scattered them abroad upon the face of all countries.

MT

עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּי־שָׁ֛ם בָּלַ֥ל ייי֖ שְׂפַ֣ת כׇּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמִשָּׁם֙ הֱפִיצָ֣ם ייי֔ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {פ}

LXX διὰ τοῦτο ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Σύγχυσις, ὅτι ἐκεῖ συνέχεεν κύριος τὰ χείλη πάσης τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς.

Eng. (Brenton) On this account its name was called Confusion, because there the Lord confounded the languages of all the earth, and thence the Lord scattered them upon the face of all the earth.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

עַל כֵּן קְרָא שְׁמַהּ, בָּבֶל, אֲרֵי תַּמָּן בַּלְבֵּיל ייי, לִישָׁן כָּל אַרְעָא; וּמִתַּמָּן בַּדַּרִנּוּן ייי, עַל אַפֵּי כָל אַרְעָא׃

• Field p. 28: בָּבֶל — LXX 'Confusion' (σύγχυσις), Aquila 'Babel' (Βαβέλ); בָּלַל — LXX 'he confounded' (συνέχεε), Aquila 'he mixed' (συνέμιξε).
• Babel, because he confounded — MT 'therefore its name was called Babel (בָּבֶל), for there the first name confounded (בָּלַל) the speech of all the earth, and from there the first name scattered them over the face of all the earth.' The name and the verb are one play in MT, kept by Vulgate (Babel... confusum est) and TO (בָּבֶל... בַּלְבֵּיל). LXX turns the name into its meaning, 'Confusion' (Σύγχυσις), and names the Lord God (κύριος ὁ θεὸς) at the second occurrence where the first has 'Lord' (κύριος) alone. Vulgate keeps the name Babel, and drops the subject at the first occurrence — 'there the speech of all the earth was confounded' (confusum est labium), passive, where MT, LXX, and TO name the first name; the Lord (Dominus) appears only at the scattering.
• 'Gate of god' turned to gibberish — the name itself is the punchline. In Akkadian the city is Bab-ili, 'gate of god' — the name its inhabitants gave it, fitting a tower 'whose top is in heaven' (11:4). The text re-derives it from בלל, 'he confounded,' and keeps the sound while emptying the boast: not the gate of god, but confusion. Sarna: 'The word play babel-balal, approximating "Babel-babble" in English, hides a subtle satirizing of Mesopotamian notions. Not the "gate of god" as the inhabitants of Babylon interpreted the name, not the navel of the earth, as they conceived their city to be, but a site of meaningless gibberish, the center from which human divisiveness radiated, and the cause of disastrous alienation from God' (Genesis, JPS Torah Commentary, p. 84).
• MT paragraph break {פ} at the end of this verse — the Babel story closes; the Shem genealogy follows.

Gen 11:10

Vulg. Hae sunt generationes Sem: Sem erat centum annorum quando genuit Arphaxad, biennio post diluvium.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) These are the generations of Sem: Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood.

MT

אֵ֚לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת שֵׁ֔ם שֵׁ֚ם בֶּן־מְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֔ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־אַרְפַּכְשָׁ֑ד שְׁנָתַ֖יִם אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃

LXX καὶ αὗται αἱ γενέσεις Σημ. Σημ υἱὸς ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν ὅτε ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αρφαξαδ, δευτέρου ἔτους μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμόν.

Eng. (Brenton) And these are the generations of Sem: and Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, the second year after the flood.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

אִלֵּין, תּוֹלְדָת שֵׁם שֵׁם בַּר מְאָה שְׁנִין, וְאוֹלֵיד יָת אַרְפַּכְשָׁד: תַּרְתֵּין שְׁנִין, בָּתַר טוֹפָנָא׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:10.
• Shem's generations — MT 'these are the generations (תּוֹלְדֹת) of Shem: Shem was a son of a hundred years when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood.' LXX 'a son of a hundred years... in the second year after the flood' (δευτέρου ἔτους μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμόν); Vulgate 'Shem was a hundred years old... two years after the flood' (biennio post diluvium); TO 'Shem, a son of a hundred years... two years after the flood' (תַּרְתֵּין שְׁנִין, בָּתַר טוֹפָנָא). All four versions agree on the numbers. TO keeps the plural construct (תּוֹלְדָת), as at 2:4, 6:9, and 10:1.

Gen 11:11

Vulg. Vixitque Sem, postquam genuit Arphaxad, quingentis annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Sem lived after he begot Arphaxad, five hundred years, and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־שֵׁ֗ם אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־אַרְפַּכְשָׁ֔ד חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Σημ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Αρφαξαδ πεντακόσια ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Sem lived, after he had begotten Arphaxad, five hundred years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא שֵׁם, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת אַרְפַּכְשָׁד, חֲמֵישׁ מְאָה, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:11 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) carry the mark ⁓, with the closing ⁂ — the death notice is in the Greek but not in the Hebrew.
• Shem lived five hundred years — MT 'Shem lived after he begot Arphaxad five hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.' The numbers agree in all four versions (500; Vulgate quingentis, TO חֲמֵישׁ מְאָה). LXX alone closes the verse with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:12

Vulg. Porro Arphaxad vixit triginta quinque annis, et genuit Sale.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Arphaxad lived thirty-five years, and begot Sale.

MT

וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֣ד חַ֔י חָמֵ֥שׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־שָֽׁלַח׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Αρφαξαδ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα πέντε ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Καιναν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Arphaxad lived a hundred and thirty-five years, and begot Cainan.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וְאַרְפַּכְשָׁד חֲיָא, תְּלָתִין וַחֲמֵישׁ שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת שָׁלַח׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:12 in the notes; the main text on p. 29 gives the Greek with the added Cainan obelized: 'and he begot ÷ Cainan' (καὶ ἐγέννησε ÷ τὸν Καϊνᾶν).
• Arphaxad's son: Shelah, or Cainan — MT 'Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and he begot Shelah (שָׁלַח).' Vulgate 'thirty-five years... Sale' and TO 'thirty and five years... Shelah' (תְּלָתִין וַחֲמֵישׁ) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty-five years, and he begot Cainan' (τὸν Καιναν) — a hundred years added to the age, and a son inserted who is not in MT, Vulgate, or TO. The Cainan insertion continues at 11:13, as at 10:22 and 10:24.

Gen 11:13

Vulg. Vixitque Arphaxad, postquam genuit Sale, trecentis tribus annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Arphaxad lived after he begot Sale, three hundred and three years; and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י אַרְפַּכְשַׁ֗ד אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־שֶׁ֔לַח שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Αρφαξαδ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Καιναν ἔτη τετρακόσια τριάκοντα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν. καὶ ἔζησεν Καιναν ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλα. καὶ ἔζησεν Καιναν μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Σαλα ἔτη τριακόσια τριάκοντα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Arphaxad lived after he had begotten Cainan, four hundred years, and begot sons and daughters, and died. And Cainan lived a hundred and thirty years and begot Sala; and Cainan lived after he had begotten Sala, three hundred and thirty years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא אַרְפַּכְשָׁד, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת שֶׁלַח, אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָת, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:13 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are marked with the lemniscus (not the obelus used at the other verses).
• Arphaxad after Shelah — MT 'Arphaxad lived after he begot Shelah three years and four hundred years (403), and he begot sons and daughters.' TO 'four hundred and three years' (אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָת) agrees. Vulgate reads 'three hundred and three years' (trecentis tribus) — a hundred years fewer than MT and TO. LXX, following its inserted Cainan, gives Arphaxad 'four hundred and thirty years after he begot Cainan,' then Cainan's own span: 'Cainan lived a hundred and thirty years, and he begot Sala; and Cainan lived after he begot Sala three hundred and thirty years' — the whole extra generation packed into the verse, each half closing with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν). LXX Σαλά (Vulgate Sale) is MT שֶׁלַח, Shelah — same man under the Greek and Latin form of the name; the verse's real divergence is the inserted Cainan, not a different son. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:14

Vulg. Sale quoque vixit triginta annis, et genuit Heber.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) Sale also lived thirty years, and begot Heber.

MT

וְשֶׁ֥לַח חַ֖י שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־עֵֽבֶר׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Σαλα ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Εβερ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Sala lived an hundred and thirty years, and begot Heber.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וְשֶׁלַח חֲיָא, תְּלָתִין שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת עֵבֶר׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:14.
• Shelah thirty, or a hundred and thirty — MT 'Shelah lived thirty years, and he begot Eber.' Vulgate 'thirty years... Heber' (triginta) and TO 'thirty years... Eber' (תְּלָתִין) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty years' — a hundred years added, as at 11:12.

Gen 11:15

Vulg. Vixitque Sale, postquam genuit Heber, quadringentis tribus annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Sale lived after he begot Heber, four hundred and three years; and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־שֶׁ֗לַח אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־עֵ֔בֶר שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Σαλα μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Εβερ τριακόσια τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Sala lived after he had begotten Heber, three hundred and thirty years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא שֶׁלַח, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת עֵבֶר, אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָת, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:15 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are marked with the lemniscus.
• Shelah after Eber — MT 'Shelah lived after he begot Eber three years and four hundred years (403), and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'four hundred and three years' (quadringentis tribus) and TO 'four hundred and three years' (אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָת) agree. LXX 'three hundred and thirty years' — and closes, as at 11:11 and 11:13, with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:16

Vulg. Vixit autem Heber triginta quatuor annis, et genuit Phaleg.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Heber lived thirty-four years, and begot Phaleg.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֕בֶר אַרְבַּ֥ע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־פָּֽלֶג׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Εβερ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα τέσσαρα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Φαλεκ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Heber lived an hundred and thirty-four years, and begot Phaleg.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא עֵבֶר, תְּלָתִין וְאַרְבַּע שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת פָּלֶג׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:16.
• Eber thirty-four, or a hundred and thirty-four — MT 'Eber lived four and thirty years, and he begot Peleg.' Vulgate 'thirty-four years... Phaleg' (triginta quatuor) and TO 'thirty and four years... Peleg' (תְּלָתִין וְאַרְבַּע) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty-four years' — a hundred years added, as at 11:12 and 11:14.

Gen 11:17

Vulg. Et vixit Heber postquam genuit Phaleg, quadringentis triginta annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Heber lived after he begot Phaleg, four hundred and thirty years: and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֗בֶר אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־פֶּ֔לֶג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Εβερ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Φαλεκ ἔτη τριακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Heber lived after he had begotten Phaleg two hundred and seventy years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא עֵבֶר, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת פֶּלֶג, אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָתִין, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:17 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are obelized (÷ ... ⁂).
• Eber after Peleg — MT 'Eber lived after he begot Peleg thirty years and four hundred years (430), and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'four hundred and thirty years' (quadringentis triginta) and TO 'four hundred and thirty years' (אַרְבַּע מְאָה וּתְלָתִין) agree. LXX 'three hundred and seventy years' — sixty years fewer — and closes with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:18

Vulg. Vixit quoque Phaleg triginta annis, et genuit Reu.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) Phaleg also lived thirty years, and begot Reu.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־פֶ֖לֶג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־רְעֽוּ׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Φαλεκ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ραγαυ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Phaleg lived an hundred and thirty years, and begot Ragau.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא פֶּלֶג, תְּלָתִין שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת רְעוּ׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:18.
• Peleg thirty, or a hundred and thirty — MT 'Peleg lived thirty years, and he begot Reu.' Vulgate 'thirty years... Reu' (triginta) and TO 'thirty years... Reu' (תְּלָתִין) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty years' — a hundred years added, as at 11:12, 11:14, and 11:16.

Gen 11:19

Vulg. Vixitque Phaleg, postquam genuit Reu, ducentis novem annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Phaleg lived after he begot Reu, two hundred and nine years, and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־פֶ֗לֶג אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־רְע֔וּ תֵּ֥שַׁע שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Φαλεκ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ραγαυ διακόσια ἐννέα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Phaleg lived after he had begotten Ragau, two hundred and nine years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא פֶּלֶג, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת רְעוּ, מָאתַן וּתְשַׁע, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:19 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are obelized (÷ ... ⁂).
• Peleg after Reu — MT 'Peleg lived after he begot Reu nine years and two hundred years (209), and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'two hundred and nine years' (ducentis novem) and TO 'two hundred and nine years' (מָאתַן וּתְשַׁע) agree, and LXX agrees on the number here (διακόσια ἐννέα) — but closes with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:20

Vulg. Vixit autem Reu triginta duobus annis, et genuit Sarug.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Reu lived thirty-two years, and begot Sarug.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י רְע֔וּ שְׁתַּ֥יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־שְׂרֽוּג׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Ραγαυ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα δύο ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σερουχ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Ragau lived an hundred thirty and two years, and begot Seruch.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא רְעוּ, תְּלָתִין וְתַרְתֵּין שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת שְׂרוּג׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:20.
• Reu thirty-two, or a hundred and thirty-two — MT 'Reu lived two and thirty years, and he begot Serug.' Vulgate 'thirty-two years... Sarug' (triginta duobus) and TO 'thirty and two years... Serug' (תְּלָתִין וְתַרְתֵּין) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty-two years' — a hundred years added, as at 11:12, 11:14, 11:16, and 11:18.

Gen 11:21

Vulg. Vixit quoque Reu, postquam genuit Sarug, ducentis septem annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Reu lived after he begot Sarug, two hundred and seven years, and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י רְע֗וּ אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־שְׂר֔וּג שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Ραγαυ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Σερουχ διακόσια ἑπτὰ ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Ragau lived after he had begotten Seruch, two hundred and seven years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא רְעוּ, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת שְׂרוּג, מָאתַן וּשְׁבַע, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:21 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are obelized (÷ ... ⁂).
• Reu after Serug — MT 'Reu lived after he begot Serug seven years and two hundred years (207), and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'two hundred and seven years' (ducentis septem) and TO 'two hundred and seven years' (מָאתַן וּשְׁבַע) agree, and LXX agrees on the number here (διακόσια ἑπτὰ) — but closes with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:22

Vulg. Vixit vero Sarug triginta annis, et genuit Nachor.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Sarug lived thirty years, and begot Nachor.

MT

וַיְחִ֥י שְׂר֖וּג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־נָחֽוֹר׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Σερουχ ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναχωρ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Seruch lived a hundred and thirty years, and begot Nachor.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא שְׂרוּג, תְּלָתִין שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת נָחוֹר׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:22.
• Serug thirty, or a hundred and thirty — MT 'Serug lived thirty years, and he begot Nahor.' Vulgate 'thirty years... Nachor' (triginta) and TO 'thirty years... Nahor' (תְּלָתִין) follow MT. LXX 'a hundred and thirty years' — a hundred years added, as at 11:12, 11:14, 11:16, 11:18, and 11:20.

Gen 11:23

Vulg. Vixitque Sarug, postquam genuit Nachor, ducentis annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Sarug lived after he begot Nachor, two hundred years: and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י שְׂר֗וּג אַחֲרֵ֛י הוֹלִיד֥וֹ אֶת־נָח֖וֹר מָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Σερουχ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ναχωρ ἔτη διακόσια, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Seruch lived after he had begotten Nachor, two hundred years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא שְׂרוּג, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת נָחוֹר מָאתַן שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:23 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are obelized (÷ ... ⁂).
• Serug after Nahor — MT 'Serug lived after he begot Nahor two hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'two hundred years' (ducentis) and TO 'two hundred years' (מָאתַן) agree, and LXX agrees on the number here (διακόσια) — but closes with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:24

Vulg. Vixit autem Nachor viginti novem annis, et genuit Thare.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Nachor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Thare.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י נָח֔וֹר תֵּ֥שַׁע וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־תָּֽרַח׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Ναχωρ ἔτη ἑβδομήκοντα ἐννέα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Θαρα.

Eng. (Brenton) And Nachor lived a hundred and seventy-nine years, and begot Tharrha.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא נָחוֹר, עֶשְׂרִין וּתְשַׁע שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת תָּרַח׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:24.
• Nahor twenty-nine, or seventy-nine — MT 'Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and he begot Terah.' Vulgate 'twenty-nine years... Thare' (viginti novem) and TO 'twenty and nine years... Terah' (עֶשְׂרִין וּתְשַׁע) follow MT. LXX 'seventy-nine years' — fifty years added, not the hundred added at 11:12, 11:14, 11:16, 11:18, 11:20, and 11:22.

Gen 11:25

Vulg. Vixitque Nachor, postquam genuit Thare, centum decem et novem annis: et genuit filios et filias.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Nachor lived after he begot Thare, a hundred and nineteen years: and begot sons and daughters.

MT

וַיְחִ֣י נָח֗וֹר אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־תֶּ֔רַח תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ {ס}

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Ναχωρ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Θαρα ἔτη ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι ἐννέα, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Nachor lived after he had begotten Tharrha, an hundred and twenty-five years, and begot sons and daughters, and he died.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא נָחוֹר, בָּתַר דְּאוֹלֵיד יָת תֶּרַח, מְאָה וּתְשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵי, שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד בְּנִין, וּבְנָן׃

• Field p. 29 (addenda): at 11:25 the words 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανε) are obelized (÷ ... ⁂).
• Nahor after Terah — MT 'Nahor lived after he begot Terah nine-teen years and a hundred years (119), and he begot sons and daughters.' Vulgate 'a hundred and nineteen years' (centum decem et novem) and TO 'a hundred and nine-teen years' (מְאָה וּתְשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵי) agree. LXX 'a hundred and twenty-nine years' — ten years added — and closes with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. MT paragraph break {ס} at the end of this verse.

Gen 11:26

Vulg. Vixitque Thare septuaginta annis, et genuit Abram, et Nachor, et Aran.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Thare lived seventy years, and begot Abram, and Nachor, and Aran.

MT

וַֽיְחִי־תֶ֖רַח שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֙וֹלֶד֙ אֶת־אַבְרָ֔ם אֶת־נָח֖וֹר וְאֶת־הָרָֽן׃

LXX καὶ ἔζησεν Θαρα ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αβραμ καὶ τὸν Ναχωρ καὶ τὸν Αρραν.

Eng. (Brenton) And Tharrha lived seventy years, and begot Abram, and Nachor, and Arrhan.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַחֲיָא תֶּרַח, שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין; וְאוֹלֵיד, יָת אַבְרָם, יָת נָחוֹר, וְיָת הָרָן׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:26.

Gen 11:27

Vulg. Hae sunt autem generationes Thare: Thare genuit Abram, Nachor et Aran. Porro Aran genuit Lot.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And these are the generations of Thare: Thare begot Abram, Nachor, and Aran. And Aran begot Lot.

MT

וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת תֶּ֔רַח תֶּ֚רַח הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אַבְרָ֔ם אֶת־נָח֖וֹר וְאֶת־הָרָ֑ן וְהָרָ֖ן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־לֽוֹט׃

LXX αὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις Θαρα· Θαρα ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αβραμ καὶ τὸν Ναχωρ καὶ τὸν Αρραν, καὶ Αρραν ἐγέννησεν τὸν Λωτ.

Eng. (Brenton) And these are the generations of Tharrha. Tharrha begot Abram and Nachor, and Arrhan; and Arrhan begot Lot.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וְאִלֵּין, תּוֹלְדָת תֶּרַח תֶּרַח אוֹלֵיד יָת אַבְרָם, יָת נָחוֹר וְיָת הָרָן; וְהָרָן, אוֹלֵיד יָת לוֹט׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:27.

Gen 11:28

Vulg. Mortuusque est Aran ante Thare patrem suum, in terra nativitatis suae, in Ur Chaldaeorum.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Aran died before Thare his father, in the land of his nativity in Ur of the Chaldees.

MT

וַיָּ֣מׇת הָרָ֔ן עַל־פְּנֵ֖י תֶּ֣רַח אָבִ֑יו בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מוֹלַדְתּ֖וֹ בְּא֥וּר כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃

LXX καὶ ἀπέθανεν Αρραν ἐνώπιον Θαρα τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ γῇ ᾗ ἐγενήθη, ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Χαλδαίων.

Eng. (Brenton) And Arrhan died in the presence of Tharrha his father, in the land in which he was born, in the country of the Chaldees.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וּמִית הָרָן, עַל אַפֵּי תֶּרַח אֲבוּהִי, בַּאֲרַע יַלָּדוּתֵיהּ, בְּאוּר דְּכַשְׂדָּאֵי׃

• Field p. 29 (main text): בְּאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים — Latin 'In Ur Chaldaeorum'; LXX 'in the land of the Chaldeans' (ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Χαλδαίων); 'the rest' read 'in Ur of the Chaldeans' (ἐν Οὑρ τῶν Χαλδαίων).
• Haran dies before his father — MT 'Haran died before (עַל־פְּנֵי) Terah his father, in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans (בְּאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים).' LXX 'before (ἐνώπιον) Terah... in the land in which he was born, in the land of the Chaldeans' (ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Χαλδαίων) — the city name Ur dropped for the land, where Vulgate 'in Ur Chaldaeorum' and TO 'in Ur of the Chaldeans' (בְּאוּר דְּכַשְׂדָּאֵי) keep it. Field's main text follows the 'land of the Chaldeans' reading; the 'Ur' reading stands in the other copies. The reader's LXX here follows Field's main text.

Gen 11:29

Vulg. Duxerunt autem Abram et Nachor uxores: nomen uxoris Abram, Sarai: et nomen uxoris Nachor, Melcha filia Aran, patris Melchae, et patris Jeschae.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Abram and Nachor married wives: the name of Abram’s wife was Sarai: and the name of Nachor’s wife, Melcha, the daughter of Aran, father of Melcha, and father of Jescha.

MT

וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָ֧ם וְנָח֛וֹר לָהֶ֖ם נָשִׁ֑ים שֵׁ֤ם אֵֽשֶׁת־אַבְרָם֙ שָׂרָ֔י וְשֵׁ֤ם אֵֽשֶׁת־נָחוֹר֙ מִלְכָּ֔ה בַּת־הָרָ֥ן אֲבִֽי־מִלְכָּ֖ה וַֽאֲבִ֥י יִסְכָּֽה׃

LXX καὶ ἔλαβον Αβραμ καὶ Ναχωρ ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας· ὄνομα τῇ γυναικὶ Αβραμ Σαρα, καὶ ὄνομα τῇ γυναικὶ Ναχωρ Μελχα, θυγάτηρ Αρραν, πατὴρ Μελχα καὶ πατὴρ Ιεσχα.

Eng. (Brenton) And Abram and Nachor took to themselves wives, the name of the wife of Abram was Sara, and the name of the wife of Nachor, Malcha, daughter of Arrhan, and he was the father of Malcha, the father of Jescha.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וּנְסֵיב אַבְרָם וְנָחוֹר לְהוֹן, נְשִׁין: שׁוֹם אִתַּת אַבְרָם, שָׂרָי, וְשׁוֹם אִתַּת נָחוֹר מִלְכָּה, בַּת הָרָן אֲבוּהָא דְּמִלְכָּה וַאֲבוּהָא דְּיִסְכָּה׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:29.

Gen 11:30

Vulg. Erat autem Sarai sterilis, nec habebat liberos.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Sarai was barren, and had no children.

MT

וַתְּהִ֥י שָׂרַ֖י עֲקָרָ֑ה אֵ֥ין לָ֖הּ וָלָֽד׃

LXX καὶ ἦν Σαρα στεῖρα καὶ οὐκ ἐτεκνοποίει.

Eng. (Brenton) And Sara was barren, and did not bear children.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַהֲוָת שָׂרַי, עַקְרָא: לֵית לַהּ, וְלַד׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:30.
• Barren — MT 'Sarai was barren (עֲקָרָה); she had no child (אֵין לָהּ וָלָד).' The midrash reads the doubling as total: Rav Nachman in the name of Rabbah bar Avuh (Yevamot 64b): 'Sarah our mother was an aylonit... she even had no womb' (אֲפִילּוּ בֵּית וָלָד אֵין לָהּ) — 'she did not have even a place, i.e., a womb, for a child.' The root עקר, 'uprooted,' fits the reading: not only no fruit, but the place itself gone.

Gen 11:31

Vulg. Tulit itaque Thare Abram filium suum, et Lot filium Aran, filium filii sui, et Sarai nurum suam, uxorem Abram filii sui, et eduxit eos de Ur Chaldaeorum, ut irent in terram Chanaan: veneruntque usque Haran, et habitaverunt ibi.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And Thare took Abram, his son, and Lot the son of Aran, his son’s son, and Sarai his daughter in law, the wife of Abram his son, and brought them out of Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Chanaan: and they came as far as Haran, and dwelt there.

MT

וַיִּקַּ֨ח תֶּ֜רַח אֶת־אַבְרָ֣ם בְּנ֗וֹ וְאֶת־ל֤וֹט בֶּן־הָרָן֙ בֶּן־בְּנ֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ שָׂרַ֣י כַּלָּת֔וֹ אֵ֖שֶׁת אַבְרָ֣ם בְּנ֑וֹ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ אִתָּ֜ם מֵא֣וּר כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ עַד־חָרָ֖ן וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃

LXX καὶ ἔλαβεν Θαρα τὸν Αβραμ υἱὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν Λωτ υἱὸν Αρραν, υἱὸν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν Σαραν τὴν νύμφην αὐτοῦ, γυναῖκα Αβραμ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς χώρας τῶν Χαλδαίων πορευθῆναι εἰς τὴν γῆν Χανααν· καὶ ἦλθεν ἕως Χαρραν, καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐκεῖ.

Eng. (Brenton) And Tharrha took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Arrhan, the son of his son, and Sara his daughter-in-law, the wife of Abram his son, and led them forth out of the land of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Chanaan, and they came as far as Charrhan, and he dwelt there.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וּדְבַר תֶּרַח יָת אַבְרָם בְּרֵיהּ, וְיָת לוֹט בַּר הָרָן בַּר בְּרֵיהּ, וְיָת שָׂרַי כַּלְּתֵיהּ, אִתַּת אַבְרָם בְּרֵיהּ; וּנְפַקוּ עִמְּהוֹן מֵאוּר דְּכַסְדָּאֵי, לְמֵיזַל לְאַרְעָא דִּכְנַעַן, וַאֲתוֹ עַד חָרָן, וִיתִיבוּ תַּמָּן׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:31.
• Out of Ur, toward Canaan, as far as Haran — MT 'Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his grandson, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, the wife of Abram his son, and they went out with them from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to the land of Canaan; and they came to Haran, and they settled there.' LXX 'from the land of the Chaldeans' (ἐκ τῆς χώρας τῶν Χαλδαίων) — again the land for the city, as at 11:28; Vulgate 'from Ur Chaldaeorum' and TO 'from Ur of the Chaldeans' (מֵאוּר דְּכַסְדָּאֵי) keep the city. TO spells the Chaldeans with samekh here (דְּכַסְדָּאֵי) where at 11:28 it spells them with shin (דְּכַשְׂדָּאֵי).

Gen 11:32

Vulg. Et facti sunt dies Thare ducentorum quinque annorum, et mortuus est in Haran.

Eng. (Douay-Rheims) And the days of Thare were two hundred and five years, and he died in Haran.

MT

וַיִּהְי֣וּ יְמֵי־תֶ֔רַח חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֥מׇת תֶּ֖רַח בְּחָרָֽן׃ {פ}

LXX καὶ ἐγένοντο αἱ ἡμέραι Θαρα ἐν Χαρραν διακόσια πέντε ἔτη· καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαρα ἐν Χαρραν.

Eng. (Brenton) And all the days of Tharrha in the land of Charrhan were two hundred and five years, and Tharrha died in Charrhan.

Targ. (Yemenite Onkelos)

וַהֲווֹ יוֹמֵי תֶּרַח, מָאתַן וַחֲמֵישׁ שְׁנִין; וּמִית תֶּרַח, בְּחָרָן׃

• Field cites no distinct reading for 11:32.
• MT paragraph break {פ} at the end of this verse — the chapter closes; the Abraham narrative follows.

Cross-verse patterns

• Divine names — MT: first name 5 times (11:5, 11:6, 11:8, 11:9 twice); no second-name token in the chapter. TO: first name 5 times at the same verses; no second-name token, so no switch to record. LXX tracks all five: 'Lord' (κύριος) at 11:5, 11:6, 11:8, and 11:9 first, and 'Lord God' (κύριος ὁ θεὸς) at 11:9 second — the reverse of 10:9, where the first occurrence carried 'Lord God.' Vulgate names the Lord (Dominus) 3 times (11:5, 11:8, 11:9 second) and drops the subject at 11:6 ('and he said') and at 11:9 first (passive 'the speech... was confounded').
• The Greek's ages — begetting age, then remaining years, MT against LXX (Vulgate and TO follow MT except at 11:13): 11:10, 100, same; 11:11, 500 remaining, same; 11:12, 35 against 135, and Shelah against Cainan; 11:13, 403 remaining against 430 after Cainan, plus Cainan's own 130 and 330; 11:14, 30 against 130; 11:15, 403 remaining against 330; 11:16, 34 against 134; 11:17, 430 remaining against 370; 11:18, 30 against 130; 11:19, 209 remaining, same; 11:20, 32 against 132; 11:21, 207 remaining, same; 11:22, 30 against 130; 11:23, 200 remaining, same; 11:24, 29 against 79; 11:25, 119 remaining against 129; 11:26, 70, same; 11:32, 205, same. The differences follow no single rule: a hundred added at 11:12, 11:14, 11:16, 11:18, 11:20, and 11:22; fifty added at 11:24; ten added at 11:25; fewer at 11:13 (Vulgate 303), 11:15, and 11:17; the same at 11:10, 11:11, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, 11:26, and 11:32.
• Brenton against the Greek's ages — Brenton's edition follows the Vatican text where the site's Greek follows the Alexandrine, so his English differs from the Greek line above it at four verses: 11:13 'four hundred years' (Alex. 430, the site's Greek); 11:17 'two hundred and seventy years' (Alex. 370); 11:24 'a hundred and seventy-nine years' (Alex. 79); 11:25 'an hundred and twenty-five years' (Alex. 129). Brenton's own footnotes give the Alexandrine figures.
• The Greek's added death notices — LXX closes 11:11, 11:13, 11:15, 11:17, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, and 11:25 with 'and he died' (καὶ ἀπέθανεν), where MT, Vulgate, and TO stop at sons and daughters. Field's addenda mark the words: with the lemniscus at 11:13 and 11:15, with the obelus at 11:11 (mark ⁓), 11:17, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, and 11:25 — in every case a Greek addition, absent from the Hebrew. No death notice is added at 11:27; the death at 11:32 is MT's own.
• Cainan — the Greek's extra generation, at 11:12 and 11:13 (and at 10:22 and 10:24), obelized in Field's main text (÷ τὸν Καϊνᾶν); absent from MT, Vulgate, and TO.
• The Targum will not let the first name descend — at 11:5 'was revealed' (אִתְגְּלִי) for MT 'came down' (וַיֵּרֶד), with requital added; at 11:7 'let us be revealed' (נִתְגְּלֵי) for MT 'let us go down' (נֵרְדָה). LXX and Vulgate keep the descent in both verses.
• The Targum's glosses — Shinar as Babylon (11:2), as at 10:10; 'at first' for 'from the east' (11:2); requital at 11:5.
• The Greek's land for the city — LXX 'the land of the Chaldeans' (ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Χαλδαίων) where MT, Vulgate, and TO have Ur of the Chaldeans, at 11:28 and 11:31. Field's main text follows the 'land' reading; the 'Ur' reading stands in the other copies.
• Vulgate sentence boundaries — sentences run across MT boundaries at 11:3→11:4 and 11:5→11:6.
• Vulgate numbers — Vulgate follows MT at every age except 11:13, where it reads 303 years (trecentis tribus) against MT's 403.
• MT paragraph breaks — {פ} closes the Babel story at 11:9 and the chapter at 11:32; {ס} closes each 'after he begot' verse from 11:11 through 11:25 (odd verses only).
• TO spelling — the Chaldeans with shin at 11:28 (דְּכַשְׂדָּאֵי) and with samekh at 11:31 (דְּכַסְדָּאֵי).
• Reader's LXX vs Field's main text — the reader follows Field's main text at 11:28 (the 'land of the Chaldeans' reading); Field's main text obelizes the Cainan of 11:12–11:13 and the added death notices of 11:11–11:25, all present in the reader's text.

Open questions, not claims

• 11:10 Shem's years — Shem is a son of a hundred years two years after the flood, against Noah begetting at five hundred (5:32) and the flood at six hundred (7:6). Recorded as a chronological crux, not settled.
• 11:13 Vulgate 303 — the Vulgate reads three hundred and three years where MT and TO read four hundred and three. Recorded as divergence; whether a Clementine reading or a manuscript variant is not settled here.
• 11:29 Iscah — named here as Milcah's sister and nowhere else in the chapter; her relation to Sarai, who follows immediately, is not stated in any of the four versions. Recorded, not settled.
• 11:3 kindle or burn — Mechon Mamre's Targum reads 'kindle them' (וְנוֹקֵידִנּוּן) where the Yemenite line reads 'burn them' (וְנִשְׂרוֹפִנּוּן). The Yemenite wording is kept; the difference is recorded, not resolved.
• The Greek's ages — the differences against MT follow no single rule (see the table above). Recorded as divergences, not explained.
• Field cites no distinct reading (main entries) for 11:1, 11:4, 11:5, 11:8, 11:10, 11:11 (main; addenda only), 11:12 (main text only), 11:13 (main text only; addenda for the death notice), 11:14, 11:15 (addenda only), 11:16, 11:17 (addenda only), 11:18, 11:19 (addenda only), 11:20, 11:21 (addenda only), 11:22, 11:23 (addenda only), 11:24, 11:25 (addenda only), 11:26, 11:27, 11:28 (main text only), 11:29, 11:30, 11:31, 11:32 — recorded here as absence, not as a claim that no variant exists anywhere. Main entries on p. 28 cover 11:2, 11:3, 11:6, 11:7, and 11:9; addenda on p. 29 cover 11:11, 11:13, 11:15, 11:17, 11:19, 11:21, 11:23, and 11:25.
• Targum punctuation — transferred (see header): Mechon Mamre vocalized chapter 11, punctuation only, Yemenite wording/vocalization kept.

Latin witnesses from Field's Hexapla

The Latin below is the rendering printed with the Hebrew in Field's Hexapla. It is not the Vulgate: where it agrees with the Vulgate it is not listed. Only readings that genuinely differ are given.

• 11:6. Where the Vulgate reads “nec desistent a cogitationibus suis, donec eas opere compleant” (nor will they desist from their thoughts until they complete them in deed), Field's Latin reads “Quicquid consilium ceperint” (whatever counsel they take) — a genuine rival construal of כֹּל אֲשֶׁר יָזְמוּ (all that they devise): Field's Latin gives the devising as counsel taken, where the Vulgate turns the whole clause into persistence.

Chapters

© 2026 Ad Fontes. The notes on this page are original commentary; the ancient texts quoted are in the public domain.